{"id":506,"date":"2016-09-19T16:51:00","date_gmt":"2016-09-19T16:51:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/?p=506"},"modified":"2025-03-27T16:53:16","modified_gmt":"2025-03-27T16:53:16","slug":"monitoratge-de-gasos-contaminants-dosimetres-memori","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/es\/monitoratge-de-gasos-contaminants-dosimetres-memori\/","title":{"rendered":"Monitorizaci\u00f3n de Gases Contaminantes: Dos\u00edmetros Memori"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_section et_pb_section_0  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_section_specialty et_block_section\" >\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_row et_block_row et_d4_element\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_3_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_0   et_pb_specialty_column  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row_inner et_pb_row_inner_0  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et_d4_element et_pb_column_inner et_pb_column_inner_0  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_0  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h2>MONITORATGE DE GASOS CONTAMINANTS: DOS\u00cdMETRES MEMORI<\/h2><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_1  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>A l\u2019hora d\u2019avaluar els par\u00e0metres ambientals adequats per a l\u2019exposici\u00f3 o l\u2019emmagatzematge dels objectes del nostre patrimoni, considerem de manera gaireb\u00e9 immediata nom\u00e9s les condicions d\u2019humitat relativa, temperatura i il\u00b7luminaci\u00f3. Un altre factor, menys tingut en compte, \u00e9s la qualitat de l\u2019aire interior. L\u2019aire pot contenir contaminants destructius molt m\u00e9s complexos de detectar. El dos\u00edmetre MEMORI \u00e9s el resultat d\u2019un projecte finan\u00e7at per la Comissi\u00f3 Europea i coordinat per l\u2019Institut Noruec d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 de l\u2019Aire, que facilita als museus una eina molt econ\u00f2mica i accessible per al control de la qualitat de l\u2019aire.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_0\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"298\" data-src=\"https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/mountedInMuseum.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"mountedInMuseum\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/mountedInMuseum.jpg 400w, https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/mountedInMuseum-300x224.jpg 300w, https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/mountedInMuseum-16x12.jpg 16w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" class=\"wp-image-510 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 400px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 400\/298;\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_2  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h5>Introducci\u00f3<\/h5>\n<p>Per a una conservaci\u00f3 efica\u00e7 del patrimoni, cal con\u00e8ixer els possibles processos d\u2019alteraci\u00f3 dels materials que el componen i la incid\u00e8ncia del seu entorn. Dos dels principals agents d\u2019alteraci\u00f3 presents en l\u2019ambient dels museus i institucions s\u00f3n: els contaminants atmosf\u00e8rics i els \u00e0cids org\u00e0nics.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"320\" height=\"205\" data-src=\"https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/dosimeterstand.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"dosimeterstand\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/dosimeterstand.jpg 320w, https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/dosimeterstand-300x192.jpg 300w, https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/dosimeterstand-18x12.jpg 18w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 320px) 100vw, 320px\" class=\"wp-image-515 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 320px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 320\/205;\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_3  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Els \u00e0cids org\u00e0nics s\u00f3n compostos oxigenats que es caracteritzen per la seva acidesa. Destaquen especialment aquells que posseeixen un grup carboxil, i entre ells, dos dels m\u00e9s implicats en la degradaci\u00f3 en ambients muse\u00edstics s\u00f3n l\u2019\u00e0cid ac\u00e8tic (CH\u2083-COOH) i l\u2019\u00e0cid f\u00f2rmic (H-COOH). Les fonts d\u2019emissi\u00f3 d\u2019aquests \u00e0cids es poden trobar en forma de vapor, sobretot a l\u2019interior de vitrines d\u2019exposici\u00f3 i a les sales de reserva dels museus. Aquestes emissions estan directament condicionades pels materials utilitzats en la seva fabricaci\u00f3: fustes poc curades, dissolvents, silicones, adhesius, etc. En el cas de l\u2019\u00e0cid ac\u00e8tic, el mecanisme de reacci\u00f3 ve condicionat per una alta humitat relativa, que provoca la hidr\u00f2lisi de la hemicel\u00b7lulosa. Aquests \u00e0cids representen una amena\u00e7a seriosa, especialment per als metalls, ja que, combinats amb una humitat relativa per sobre dels par\u00e0metres adequats, augmenten la velocitat de corrosi\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>Entre els contaminants atmosf\u00e8rics, trobem les cendres volants, els aerosols i part\u00edcules que poden estar carregades d\u2019acidesa. Tamb\u00e9 hi formen part els gasos de di\u00f2xid de sofre (SO\u2082), d\u2019\u00f2xids de nitrogen i d\u2019oz\u00f3 (O\u2083), juntament amb els compostos de sofre redu\u00eft (SH i COS).<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"301\" data-src=\"https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/reader.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"reader\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/reader.jpg 400w, https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/reader-300x226.jpg 300w, https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/reader-16x12.jpg 16w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" class=\"wp-image-516 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 400px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 400\/301;\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_4  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Per a molts museus, \u00e9s complicat i cost\u00f3s realitzar mesuraments per al control posterior de la qualitat de l\u2019aire de les seves instal\u00b7lacions. Cal utilitzar dos sensors diferents, enviar-los a diversos laboratoris i, posteriorment, analitzar les dades. El dispositiu MEMORI combina dos dos\u00edmetres ja desenvolupats anteriorment: un \u00e9s sensible als \u00e0cids i l\u2019altre capta els possibles contaminants atmosf\u00e8rics. Els resultats es poden obtenir directament al lloc on s\u2019han pres les mostres, gr\u00e0cies a un programari senzill, i la interpretaci\u00f3 de les dades \u00e9s molt f\u00e0cil gr\u00e0cies a un sistema de tres colors. D\u2019aquesta manera, podem saber en poc temps si un b\u00e9 es troba en perill o si, al contrari, es mant\u00e9 en un entorn adequat per a la seva \u00f2ptima conservaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n<h5>Descripci\u00f3<\/h5>\n<p>El projecte MEMORI es va desenvolupar entre 2010 i 2013 amb la voluntat de crear una eina f\u00e0cil per a la detecci\u00f3, mesura i avaluaci\u00f3 de la possible pres\u00e8ncia d\u2019agents contaminants en museus i institucions. Hi van participar un total de 14 institucions de 10 pa\u00efsos europeus i vuit empreses. [1]<\/p>\n<p>Aquest dos\u00edmetre consta de dos sensors: l\u2019Early Warning Dosimeter for Organic Materials (EWO), desenvolupat pel NILU dins del projecte europeu EU-MASTER, i el Glass Slide Dosimeter (GSD), desenvolupat pel Fraunhofer ISC dins del projecte EU-AMECP. Una petita planxa cont\u00e9 els dos sensors, que s\u2019ha d\u2019exposar a l\u2019ambient a analitzar durant un per\u00edode aproximat de tres mesos. Despr\u00e9s, aquesta planxa s\u2019introdueix en un lector port\u00e0til, que l\u2019analitza i ofereix una lectura in situ de les condicions ambientals del lloc on ha estat dipositada. Un dels vidres reacciona davant la pres\u00e8ncia de gasos contaminants que poden provenir de l\u2019exterior, i l\u2019altre reacciona davant els \u00e0cids org\u00e0nics que poden ser emesos pels materials constitutius dels expositors, com les vitrines, o pel mateix b\u00e9. Aquests canvis en els sensors s\u00f3n analitzats pel lector mitjan\u00e7ant diods de llum. Cal tenir en compte que unes condicions ambientals inadequades, com la temperatura, la humitat relativa o una il\u00b7luminaci\u00f3 excessiva, poden augmentar les respostes dels sensors. Al programari de la web de MEMORI, l\u2019usuari selecciona diversos par\u00e0metres, entre ells la naturalesa i materialitat del b\u00e9, i el programa genera un gr\u00e0fic amb tres colors:<\/p>\n<p>Verd: no hi ha contaminaci\u00f3,<\/p>\n<p>Groc: hi ha risc,<\/p>\n<p>Vermell: hi ha un perill alt.<\/p>\n<p>El resultat tamb\u00e9 es pot consultar en forma de diagrama, per con\u00e8ixer de manera individual les lectures de cada sensor.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1105\" height=\"871\" data-src=\"https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/webpagechart.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"webpagechart\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/webpagechart.jpg 1105w, https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/webpagechart-980x772.jpg 980w, https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/webpagechart-480x378.jpg 480w\" data-sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1105px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-518 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1105px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1105\/871;\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_5  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h5>Conclusions<\/h5>\n<p>El dos\u00edmetre MEMORI \u00e9s una bona eina de treball per a les institucions, ja que, d\u2019una manera simple i pr\u00e0ctica, permet realitzar una monitoritzaci\u00f3 r\u00e0pida de la possible pres\u00e8ncia de gasos contaminants. No cal la intervenci\u00f3 d\u2019experts ni de laboratoris per fer una primera valoraci\u00f3, i els museus poden dur a terme controls sistem\u00e0tics sempre que ho considerin oport\u00fa. A m\u00e9s, \u00e9s una tecnologia pensada exclusivament per detectar els riscos m\u00e9s comuns de contaminaci\u00f3 en museus i edificis patrimonials, no requereix c\u00e0lculs ni manipulacions complexes i, d\u2019una manera visual, ens ofereix una idea clara de la qualitat de l\u2019aire present en un lloc determinat.<\/p>\n<h5>M\u00e9s informaci\u00f3<\/h5>\n<p>MEMORI: Measurement, Effect Assessment and Mitigation of Pollutant Impact on Movable Cultural Assets. Innovative Research for Market Transfer<br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.memori.fraunhofer.de\/\">http:\/\/www.memori.fraunhofer.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>CORDIS: Mitigar l\u2019efecte de la qualitat de l\u2019aire interior en les col\u00b7leccions dels museus<br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/cordis.europa.eu\/result\/rcn\/90755_es.html\">http:\/\/cordis.europa.eu\/result\/rcn\/90755_es.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Aire nou per als museus<br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/es.euronews.com\/2013\/05\/13\/aire-nuevo-para-los-museos\/\">http:\/\/es.euronews.com\/2013\/05\/13\/aire-nuevo-para-los-museos\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Blog: Folio Complutense<br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/biblioteca.ucm.es\/blogs\/Foliocomplutense\/8159.php#.VqKz1PnhCUk\">http:\/\/biblioteca.ucm.es\/blogs\/Foliocomplutense\/8159.php#.VqKz1PnhCUk<\/a><\/p>\n<h5>Refer\u00e8ncies<\/h5>\n<p>[1] Tac\u00f3n, J. (2014): \"Avaluaci\u00f3 de la qualitat de l\u2019aire interior de la Biblioteca Hist\u00f2rica amb el sistema MEMORI\". Documents de treball U.C.M. Biblioteca Hist\u00f2rica; 2014\/3<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_1    et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_6  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3>M\u00e9s not\u00edcies<\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_blog_0  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_pb_posts et_pb_bg_layout_light \">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_ajax_pagination_container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<article id=\"post-807\" class=\"et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_blog_item_0_0 post-807 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-blog\">\n\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/es\/analisi-organoleptica-i-classificacio-dels-plastics-filmics-derivats-de-la-cellulosa\/\" class=\"entry-featured-image-url\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Archivo-Di-Chiara-1920-1-1080x675.jpg\" alt=\"An\u00e0lisi Organol\u00e8ptica I Classificaci\u00f3 Dels Pl\u00e0stics F\u00edlmics Derivats De La Cel\u00b7lulosa\" width=\"1080\" height=\"675\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Archivo-Di-Chiara-1920-1-980x551.jpg 980w, https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Archivo-Di-Chiara-1920-1-480x270.jpg 480w\" data-sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1080px, 100vw\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1080px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1080\/675;\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"entry-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/es\/analisi-organoleptica-i-classificacio-dels-plastics-filmics-derivats-de-la-cellulosa\/\">An\u00e0lisi Organol\u00e8ptica I Classificaci\u00f3 Dels Pl\u00e0stics F\u00edlmics Derivats De La Cel\u00b7lulosa<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"post-meta\"><span class=\"published\">Mar 19, 2020<\/span><\/p><div class=\"post-content\"><div class=\"post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden\"><p>AN\u00c0LISI ORGANOL\u00c8PTICA I CLASSIFICACI\u00d3 DELS PL\u00c0STICS F\u00cdLMICS DERIVATS DE LA CEL\u00b7LULOSALa voluntat de conservar materials f\u00edlmics no \u00e9s quelcom nou. Des dels mateixos or\u00edgens de la cinematografia es va tenir consci\u00e8ncia de la seva import\u00e0ncia i al llarg de la hist\u00f2ria...<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<article id=\"post-199\" class=\"et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_blog_item_0_1 post-199 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-blog\">\n\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/es\/els-primers-materials-plastics\/\" class=\"entry-featured-image-url\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/2006_RMA_02492_0215_000.jpg\" alt=\"Els primers materials pl\u00e0stics (I)\" width=\"1080\" height=\"675\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/2006_RMA_02492_0215_000.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/2006_RMA_02492_0215_000-480x489.jpg 480w\" data-sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 1080px, 100vw\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1080px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1080\/675;\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"entry-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/es\/els-primers-materials-plastics\/\">Els primers materials pl\u00e0stics (I)<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"post-meta\"><span class=\"published\">Ago 12, 2019<\/span><\/p><div class=\"post-content\"><div class=\"post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden\"><p>ELS PRIMERS MATERIALS PL\u00c0STICS (I)\u00a0Aire d'artista (Piero Manzoni)Es calcula que el 60 % dels milers de milions de tones de pl\u00e0stic fabricades fins ara suren als oceans o romanen dipositats en abocadors, per\u00f2 en aquest moment, malgrat que els pl\u00e0stics s'han convertit...<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<article id=\"post-798\" class=\"et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_blog_item_0_2 post-798 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-blog\">\n\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/es\/josep-gaspar-i-serra\/\" class=\"entry-featured-image-url\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/josep-gaspar-i-serra-762x675.jpg\" alt=\"Josep Gaspar I Serra\" width=\"1080\" height=\"675\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/josep-gaspar-i-serra-762x675.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/josep-gaspar-i-serra-480x645.jpg 480w\" data-sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 1080px, 100vw\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1080px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1080\/675;\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"entry-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/es\/josep-gaspar-i-serra\/\">Josep Gaspar I Serra<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"post-meta\"><span class=\"published\">Jun 18, 2019<\/span><\/p><div class=\"post-content\"><div class=\"post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden\"><p>JOSEP GASPAR I SERRAJosep Gaspar i Serra va n\u00e9ixer a Manresa l\u2019any 1892 i va ser un dels documentalistes m\u00e9s importants dels inicis del cinema a Espanya; malauradament, gran part de la seva obra no s\u2019ha conservat. Aquest material, una c\u00f2pia positiva, va ser trobat...<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<article id=\"post-212\" class=\"et_pb_post clearfix et_pb_blog_item_0_3 post-212 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-blog\">\n\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/es\/formigo-roma\/\" class=\"entry-featured-image-url\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hormigonromano2_36095886.jpeg\" alt=\"El secret de l&#8217;antic formig\u00f3 rom\u00e0\" width=\"1080\" height=\"675\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hormigonromano2_36095886.jpeg 1080w, https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hormigonromano2_36095886-480x320.jpeg 480w\" data-sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 1080px, 100vw\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1080px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1080\/675;\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"entry-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/es\/formigo-roma\/\">El secret de l&#8217;antic formig\u00f3 rom\u00e0<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"post-meta\"><span class=\"published\">May 14, 2019<\/span><\/p><div class=\"post-content\"><div class=\"post-content-inner et_multi_view_hidden\"><p>EL SECRET DE L'ANTIC FORMIG\u00d3 ROM\u00c0\u00a0Encara que les construccions modernes de formig\u00f3 s'ensorren al cap d'unes poques d\u00e8cades, sobre si estan situades a prop d'ambients marins, les antigues estructures romanes, no nom\u00e9s es mantenen dempeus, sin\u00f3 que s\u00f3n fins i tot m\u00e9s...<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<div><div class=\"pagination clearfix\">\n\t<div class=\"alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/506\/page\/2\/?et_blog\" >&laquo; Entradas Anteriores<\/a><\/div>\n\t<div class=\"alignright\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":510,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"2880","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-506","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - 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