{"id":199,"date":"2019-08-12T10:10:00","date_gmt":"2019-08-12T10:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/?p=199"},"modified":"2025-04-02T13:41:41","modified_gmt":"2025-04-02T13:41:41","slug":"els-primers-materials-plastics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/es\/els-primers-materials-plastics\/","title":{"rendered":"Los Primeros Materiales Pl\u00e1sticos (I)"},"content":{"rendered":"[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; specialty=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||2px|||&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;3_4&#8243; specialty_columns=&#8221;3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_row_inner _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=&#8221;3_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||18px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<h2>LOS PRIMEROS MATERIALES PL\u00c1STICOS (I)\u00a0<\/h2>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/2006_RMA_02492_0215_000.jpg&#8221; title_text=&#8221;2006_RMA_02492_0215_000()&#8221; align=&#8221;center&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;14px&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Aire de artista (Piero Manzoni)<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]Es calcula que el 60 % dels milers de milions de tones de pl\u00e0stic fabricades fins ara suren als oceans o romanen dipositats en abocadors, per\u00f2 en aquest moment, malgrat que els pl\u00e0stics s&#8217;han convertit en un problema global, als museus intenten entendre i frenar-ne el deteriorament ja que formen part de nombrosos objectes a les seves col\u00b7leccions.\n\n\u00c9s innegable la important pres\u00e8ncia d&#8217;una gran quantitat de pl\u00e0stics en els dissenys del segle XX, aquests materials, a l&#8217;origen, buscaven substituir altres tradicionals, molt m\u00e9s cars i escassos.  Per\u00f2 no sols trobem pl\u00e0stics en objectes quotidians, molts artistes destacats de l&#8217;art modern i contemporani, jugant tamb\u00e9 amb la materialitat de les obres, han aprofitat les possibilitats que oferien aquests nous materials. Tot i que la realitat \u00e9s que, l&#8217;inter\u00e8s per la conservaci\u00f3 i el coneixement del deteriorament dels materials platics \u00e9s molt recent, tenint m\u00e9s en compte les dificultats de la seva conservaci\u00f3 si els comparem amb altres materials.[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/7328152.jpeg&#8221; title_text=&#8221;7328152&#8243; align=&#8221;center&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;14px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Primer coraz\u00f3n artificial de poli\u00e9ster, 1969<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]Els pl\u00e0stics s\u00f3n materials org\u00e0nics i estan formats per llargues cadenes polim\u00e8riques que contenen, fonamentalment carboni. Si atenem al seu origen, poden ser: naturals, semisint\u00e8tics i sint\u00e8tics. Els naturals s\u00f3n pol\u00edmers sintetitzats per \u00e9ssers vius i van ser els materials dels quals, despr\u00e9s d&#8217;una s\u00e8rie de modificacions qu\u00edmiques, es van obtenir els primers pl\u00e0stics semisint\u00e8tics. Avui dia la majoria dels materials pl\u00e0stics provenen dels compostos de petroli, gas natural o carb\u00f3. Per designar aquests materials de manera correcta, la IUPAC diu recomana utilitzar el sufix poli- seguit de la unitat monom\u00e8rica constitutiva entre par\u00e8ntesis, encara que molts dels pl\u00e0stics tenen un origen anterior a aquesta normativa i es coneixen amb moltes altres denominacions o\/i noms comercials. A tots ells s&#8217;hi afegeixen c\u00e0rregues i additius que varien o milloren les seves prestacions o caracter\u00edstiques. En certs casos, aquests additius s\u00f3n els que determinen que un mateix pol\u00edmer tingui un comportament molt diferent.[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/olgapayan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/highlight-zennith.jpeg&#8221; title_text=&#8221;highlight-zennith&#8221; align=&#8221;center&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;14px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Tocadiscos de bakelita <\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]Segons la seva estructura i comportament davant de la calor, els pl\u00e0stics poden ser:\n\n\nEls termopl\u00e0stics, PVC, poliestir\u00e8, metacrilat\u2026si poden arribar a fondre sense canvis en la composici\u00f3 qu\u00edmica original. Es poden modelar m\u00e9s d&#8217;una vegada amb calor i s\u00f3n materials f\u00e0cils de reciclar. \n\n\nEls termoestables, poliuret\u00e0, melanina, baquelita\u2026tot i que poden aguantar temperatures elevades sense degradar-se, nom\u00e9s es poden modelar una vegada. Aix\u00f2 fa que siguin dif\u00edcils de reciclar. \n\n\nEls elast\u00f2mers, cautx\u00fa natural, silicona, goma natural\u2026tenen la capacitat d&#8217;assumir grans deformacions el\u00e0stiques, sense trencar-se, tornant a la seva forma original quan la for\u00e7a deixa d&#8217;actuar-hi.[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_3_font_size=&#8221;30px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<h3>M\u00e1s noticias<\/h3>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||12px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_blog posts_number=&#8221;4&#8243; include_categories=&#8221;all&#8221; use_manual_excerpt=&#8221;off&#8221; show_author=&#8221;off&#8221; show_categories=&#8221;off&#8221; show_excerpt=&#8221;off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;25px&#8221; meta_font=&#8221;&#8211;et_global_heading_font||||||||&#8221; meta_font_size=&#8221;15px&#8221; border_radii_fullwidth=&#8221;on|10px|10px|10px|10px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_blog][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_section]","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ELS PRIMERS MATERIALS PL\u00c0STICS (I)\u00a0Aire d&#8217;artista (Piero Manzoni)Es calcula que el 60 % dels milers de milions de tones de pl\u00e0stic fabricades fins ara suren als oceans o romanen dipositats en abocadors, per\u00f2 en aquest moment, malgrat que els pl\u00e0stics s&#8217;han convertit en un problema global, als museus intenten entendre i frenar-ne el deteriorament ja [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":804,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"<!-- wp:divi\/placeholder \/-->","_et_gb_content_width":"2880","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-199","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.6 - 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